4、狀語從句的常見譯法：a 詞類轉(zhuǎn)義法；b 順譯法；c 增詞法 、狀語從句的常見譯法： 詞類轉(zhuǎn)義法； 順譯法； 詞類考點(diǎn)……分詞的譯法 分詞的譯法 詞類考點(diǎn) 1998 年 Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait. 73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 1、劃動詞，定主謂，明確各分句。動詞 are ，report 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、縷關(guān)系，定詞義，按意群翻譯。 3、按邏輯調(diào)整語序（意群內(nèi)部的語序） ，寫中文表達(dá)。 Astrophysicists 天體物理學(xué)家 working 引導(dǎo)部分相當(dāng)于定語從句 ground-based detectors：陸基探測器 air－based missile：天基導(dǎo)彈 sea－based missile 海基導(dǎo)彈 balloon-borne instruments 球載探測器 air-borne troop：空降部隊 borne：bear 的過去分詞，忍受，承受，承擔(dān)，運(yùn)載 air－borne radar：機(jī)載雷達(dá) bear bore borne work with：和……一起工作 closing in 包圍 closing in means to surround gradually and from all sides in threatening way closing in on 合力觀察 4、重組合，刪多余，核對和檢查。 翻譯：一群天體物理學(xué)家們使用在南極附近的陸基探測器及球載探測器正在合力觀察這些結(jié)構(gòu)，不久 就會報告他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 總結(jié)： 總結(jié)： 分詞的第一個譯法：分詞譯成句子的一個成分，即主謂結(jié)構(gòu)， 一種比較好的方式， 分詞的第一個譯法：分詞譯成句子的一個成分，即主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是一種比較好的方式，翻譯時不宜單獨(dú) 成句。 成句。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)000 年 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements－themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. Additional social stresses 新的社會壓力，此處不可譯為“額外的” problems arising from mass migration movements 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，做定語 19  

mass migration movements 大規(guī)模的人口流動。 migration 遷徙、遷移、流動、移動 the movement from one place to another of a large group of people mass destruction weapon 大規(guī)模武器 因為人口爆炸以及由大規(guī)模人口流動所帶來的問題 themselves 指代 movements，是句內(nèi)指代。 譯文：新的社會壓力很可能是由于人口爆炸和大規(guī)模人口流動所產(chǎn)生的，今天現(xiàn)代化的交通方式使的 這種人口流動相對更加容易。 分詞的第二個譯法： 分詞的第二個譯法：分詞在考研英語中通常做狀語和定語，翻譯時根據(jù)其信息負(fù)載量的大小來確定它 第二個譯法 的方式和位置，如果信息負(fù)載量比較小，可以做前置定語，負(fù)載量比較大，可以單獨(dú)成句。此方法還適用 于過去分詞的翻譯。 被動語態(tài) 一、被動語態(tài)第一種譯法：將其譯為被字結(jié)構(gòu)或者相近似的結(jié)構(gòu) 被動語態(tài)第一種譯法： 2(世博北京翻譯公司)002(世博北京翻譯公司) 年 The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available formulate formula 用公式表達(dá)、明確地表達(dá)、做簡潔陳述、闡釋清楚、規(guī)劃或構(gòu)想 pl. formulas / formulae 公式、方程式、[醫(yī)]配方、處方。 role 作用，角色 play a role in something 在這個事件中起重大作用 shape 塑造 I was caught in the rain. 我叫雨淋了。 叫 譯文：在進(jìn)化中自然選擇的作用在一百多年前才得以闡釋清楚，環(huán)境在塑造和維持個人行為的方面的 選擇性作用才剛剛開始被認(rèn)識和研究。 二、被動語態(tài)第二種譯法：把被動語態(tài)直接譯為主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)第二種譯法： 2(世博北京翻譯公司)000 年 2(世博北京翻譯公司)0  

At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization－with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed－was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 動詞：was，may undergo early 早期的， 最早的 the process of industrialization 工業(yè)化進(jìn)程 over nearly a century 一百年左右 pattern 模范，式樣，模式，樣品，格調(diào)，圖案 social pattern 社會結(jié)構(gòu) = social structure decade 十年 score 二十 如果句中只有一個破折號，那么直接把破折號翻譯出來就可以了；如果句子中有兩個破折號（ 如果句中只有一個破折號，那么直接把破折號翻譯出來就可以了；如果句子中有兩個破折號（中間是 插入語） 插入語）時，要靈活處理插入語成分。關(guān)鍵是要分析一下插入語起一個什么樣的語法功能。 要靈活處理插入語成分。關(guān)鍵是要分析一下插入語起一個什么樣的語法功能。 譯文：在歐洲早期的工業(yè)化國家，工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來對社會結(jié)構(gòu)造成的深遠(yuǎn)影響都持續(xù)了一 個世紀(jì)左右。然而，今天一個發(fā)展中國家可能經(jīng)歷同樣的過程只需要 10 年左右的時間。 三、被動語態(tài)的第三個譯法，把主語變賓語 被動語態(tài)的第三個譯法， 1999 年 While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Transfer 相等于 change 或者 reform to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.分詞作定語修飾 methodologies traditional historical methods 傳統(tǒng)的研究歷史的方法(此處需增詞點(diǎn)明是研究歷史) augment 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充 = enlarge 擴(kuò)大 enlarge your vocabulary methodology 方法論 additional 本義是：另外的，額外的。文中意思：新的 additional methodologies 新的方法論 翻譯方法：把主語變賓語； 翻譯方法：把主語變賓語；把賓語變主語 該句主干：新的方法體系擴(kuò)充了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。 designed to do ＝in order to do 指在干什么 new forms of evidence 新形式的史料 2(世博北京翻譯公司)1   翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯：世博翻譯公司)