翻譯:在這場(chǎng)變革中,指在解釋歷史研究中新的史料形式的新的方法擴(kuò)充了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。 四、補(bǔ)充兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的譯法: 補(bǔ)充兩種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的譯法: 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的譯法 1、保留主語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng): 、保留主語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng): 例句 Mr. Michael was given a prize。麥克先生獲獎(jiǎng)了。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、譯為無(wú)主句 、 例句:some pictures were hung on the wall。墻上掛著一些畫(huà) Much was left to be design 還有很大的提高空間。 還有很大的提高空間。 (該句可以用在很多場(chǎng)合:評(píng)價(jià)某人的成果,夸獎(jiǎng)別 人時(shí),用得最多的場(chǎng)合是吃飯時(shí)。 ) 總結(jié): 總結(jié): 1、在科技文體中,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用較頻繁,通常表達(dá)一種客觀冷靜的態(tài)度,翻譯時(shí)要做必要的體現(xiàn)。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、注意不要使用被字結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)于頻繁,適當(dāng)選擇同義詞組進(jìn)行替換,以便于語(yǔ)氣更加順暢 3、常用技巧:a 倒置法 b 增詞法 c 詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)譯法 、常用技巧: 詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)譯法 詞匯考點(diǎn): 詞匯考點(diǎn):as 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu) as 1、比較結(jié)構(gòu):as much as ,as many as ,as more as 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 3、定語(yǔ)從句 1999 年 71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. 動(dòng)詞:are,are,conforms 不同歷史學(xué)家對(duì)歷史有不同的定義。 conforms to 與什么相符合,相一致 one 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 判斷 “that” 引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句?如果 “that” 后面是個(gè) 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:判斷 引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句? 完整的句子,則該從句是同位語(yǔ)從句;反之,則為定語(yǔ)從句。 完整的句子,則該從句是同位語(yǔ)從句;反之,則為定語(yǔ)從句。 recreate 重新制造,引申為再現(xiàn)。 整句翻譯:當(dāng)今的歷史史學(xué)研究實(shí)踐,最傾向于這個(gè)定義,即:把歷史看作是對(duì)過(guò)去重大事件的一種 解釋和再現(xiàn)(的一種嘗試) 。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)2(世博北京翻譯公司)
as 引導(dǎo)的比較結(jié)構(gòu) 引導(dǎo)的比較結(jié)構(gòu) 1994 年 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 72(世博北京翻譯公司)) "In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." insights of great men of genius:偉大的天才人物洞察力 improved techniques and tools 改進(jìn)的技術(shù)和工具 not so much…as… 與其說(shuō)…還不如說(shuō)… (與句子的順序是一致的,但 rather than 要顛倒) He lay rather than sat in his armchair 他與其說(shuō)是坐著,不如說(shuō)是躺著 rather than 更好的譯法: 而不是…他是躺著,而不是坐著。 The captive troops would rather die than surrender。這只被捉住的部隊(duì)寧愿死,也不愿投降。 would rather …than… 寧愿干什么,也不愿干什么。 寧愿干什么,也不愿干什么。 翻譯:他們說(shuō),科學(xué)的進(jìn)步,與其說(shuō)是由于天才人物的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí),還不如說(shuō)是諸如改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工 具的更為普通的事情。 as 作為同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 作為同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、 1994 年 72(世博北京翻譯公司)) "In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." 73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 此句為單句 Over the years,多年以來(lái) fundamental 重要的 innovation 革新 ignore 忽視=over look = neglect, philosophers of science 科學(xué)哲學(xué)家 忽視= largely:很大程度上=how well :很大程度上= 翻譯:多年以來(lái),工具技術(shù)就其自身作為根本性變革一個(gè)來(lái)源,這一點(diǎn)很大程度被科學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家 2(世博北京翻譯公司)3
忽視了。 (注意:本句忽視的是句子的同位語(yǔ),并沒(méi)有忽視工具和技術(shù)。 ) 1997 年 On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72(世博北京翻譯公司))Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. Argue 是第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 Argue 在很多情況下不表示爭(zhēng)論,就表示說(shuō)。類(lèi)似有 think、hold、believe、convince…… 有些哲學(xué)家說(shuō)權(quán)利僅僅存在于一種社會(huì)契約范圍內(nèi)…… entitlements.權(quán)力,但是和前面的 right 不同。right 天生就有的,天賦的 Human Right 人權(quán) entitlements.是別人賦予你的,或在某種場(chǎng)合和地位下賦予你的 be entitled to do sth duties and entitlements 權(quán)力和責(zé)任 exchange 交換,這里不是交換,而是交替 第一種翻譯: 有些哲學(xué)家說(shuō)權(quán)利僅僅存在于一種社會(huì)契約范圍內(nèi), 是作為權(quán)責(zé)交替的一部分而存在的。 第二種翻譯:有些哲學(xué)家說(shuō)權(quán)力是作為權(quán)責(zé)交替的一部分而存在于一種社會(huì)契約范圍內(nèi) 第二種翻譯更好。 as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1998 年 72(世博北京翻譯公司))The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 192(世博北京翻譯公司)0s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans. Big Bang 大爆炸理論。Bang 是英文中的象聲詞。后作動(dòng)詞用。如:bang the door 意為砸門(mén) 在第一段的最后一句話: that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy.) cosmos 等于 universe 兩個(gè)難點(diǎn): 、 兩個(gè)難點(diǎn): 1、required for 被動(dòng)的翻譯 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 、 giant clouds 星云,巨大的云團(tuán)或云帶 2(世博北京翻譯公司)4
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