筆譯翻譯是常見的一種翻譯形式，有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，世聯(lián)翻譯公司小編為大家分享筆譯翻譯需要遵循什么樣的要求?

　　Translation is a common form of translation, which has a wide range of applications. What kind of requirements should be followed in translation?

　　一、背景知識(shí)

　　1、 Background knowledge

　　很多人都抱有這種看法：就是篇幅越短翻譯越容易。其實(shí)很多時(shí)候恰恰相反。多達(dá)數(shù)百頁的年報(bào)或招標(biāo)書即使一開始對(duì)其內(nèi)容不夠了解，但通過一些關(guān)鍵字搜索也能把握其行業(yè)。這樣一來，翻譯時(shí)惡補(bǔ)相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)也好下手。但若只有寥寥幾個(gè)字甚至幾行，不了解行業(yè)很難翻譯到位。稍有不慎恐怕還會(huì)鬧出笑話。另一方面，個(gè)人也要不斷豐富自己的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)根據(jù)個(gè)人的專業(yè)特長(zhǎng)、興趣愛好、工作重點(diǎn)等等來確定。

　　Many people hold this view: the shorter the length, the easier the translation. In fact, most of the time the opposite is true. As many as hundreds of pages of annual report or tender, even if the content is not enough to understand at the beginning, but through some keyword search can also grasp its industry. In this way, it is better to supplement the relevant professional knowledge when translating. But if only a few words or even lines, do not understand the industry, it is difficult to translate in place. I'm afraid a little carelessness will make a joke. On the other hand, individuals should constantly enrich their knowledge structure, which should be determined according to their professional expertise, hobbies, work priorities, etc.

　　二、精細(xì)入微

　　2、 Meticulous and meticulous

　　這兒說的細(xì)心不是一般的“認(rèn)真”(careful)，而是一絲不茍(meticulous)。為什么這么說呢?因?yàn)橐环葙Y料往往涉及很多內(nèi)容，有時(shí)含有大量數(shù)字、圖表等等，所以處理時(shí)要非常小心。而且不同稿件的用途不同，客戶的要求也不同，這就要視具體情況而定。而且某些細(xì)節(jié)比如客戶是否對(duì)數(shù)字拼寫有要求(英文數(shù)字還是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字)最好事先確定。當(dāng)然，時(shí)間允許的話，應(yīng)該盡量保證行文更地道、語言更流暢。而且，中譯英結(jié)束后用word進(jìn)行拼寫檢查是免不了的。不然，恐怕會(huì)忽略一些拼寫或者錯(cuò)誤。須知越是簡(jiǎn)單的錯(cuò)誤越是容易犯，因而拼寫檢查就顯得很有必要。

　　Carefulness is not "careful", but "meticulous". Why do you say that? Because a piece of data often involves a lot of content, sometimes contains a lot of figures, charts and so on, so we should be very careful in processing. Moreover, the purpose of different manuscripts is different, and the requirements of customers are also different, which depends on the specific situation. And some details, such as whether the customer has requirements for the spelling of numbers (English numbers or Arabic numbers), are best determined in advance. Of course, if time permits, we should try our best to make the writing more authentic and the language more fluent. Moreover, it is inevitable to use word to check the spelling after Chinese English translation. Otherwise, I'm afraid some spelling or mistakes will be ignored. It should be noted that the simpler the mistakes are, the easier they are to make, so it is necessary to check spelling.

　　三、懷疑精神

　　3、 Skepticism

　　這一點(diǎn)跟上一點(diǎn)密切相關(guān)。此處所言懷疑精神就是對(duì)原文部分內(nèi)容、字句、圖表等等的懷疑。有時(shí)一字之差會(huì)使整句話甚至整段話的意思大不相同，應(yīng)該極其謹(jǐn)慎。事實(shí)上，原文作者大多數(shù)都在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域有相當(dāng)水平，但有時(shí)也難免出錯(cuò)——例如錯(cuò)別字。當(dāng)然，也有可能是原文涉及內(nèi)容是過于冷門的專業(yè)，有的概念不好理解或者易于和其他術(shù)語混淆。起碼也應(yīng)該求得疑難字句或術(shù)語的解釋，翻譯時(shí)不致出洋相、鬧笑話。

　　This is closely related to this. The spirit of skepticism is the skepticism of some of the original contents, sentences, charts and so on. Sometimes a word difference will make the meaning of the whole sentence or even the whole paragraph very different, so we should be extremely cautious. As a matter of fact, most of the original writers have a good level in their own professional field, but sometimes they can't avoid making mistakes, such as spelling mistakes. Of course, it is also possible that the content of the original text is too unpopular, some concepts are difficult to understand or easily confused with other terms. At least we should seek the explanation of difficult words or terms, so as to avoid making a fool of ourselves.

　　四、挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威

　　4、 Challenge authority

　　的確，古今中外歷史上有很多翻譯大家;但這并不表示他們的所有著作都無懈可擊，完美無缺。事實(shí)上，是人就無法避免錯(cuò)誤。能做的就是盡量避免錯(cuò)誤。當(dāng)然，這是承認(rèn)事實(shí)，并非為誰辯護(hù)。不管是身旁朝夕相處的“權(quán)威”還是中外公認(rèn)的大家，某個(gè)習(xí)語的理解或翻譯出現(xiàn)問題都很正常。因?yàn)閺氖路�譯稍早，有時(shí)竟然也被當(dāng)初“權(quán)威”不免啼笑皆非。

　　It is true that there have been many translators in the history of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, but this does not mean that all their works are impeccable and perfect. In fact, it's human beings who can't avoid mistakes. What can be done is to try to avoid mistakes. Of course, this is an admission of fact, not a defense for anyone. It's normal that there is something wrong with the understanding or translation of an idiom, whether it's the "authority" who lives with us all the time or the well-known people at home and abroad. Because I was engaged in translation earlier, sometimes I was even criticized by the original "authority".

　　五、反省自我

　　5、 Self reflection

　　說實(shí)話，每次翻譯完都覺得很不完美(far from perfect)。很多時(shí)候也就是滿意(satisfactory)而已，都談不上出色(excellent)。這往往是由于自身水平有限，亟待提高。面對(duì)可能涉及五花八門、各種行業(yè)的資料再高的水平都是有限的。所以，定期總結(jié)一下以前的譯稿大有裨益。而且，有什么疑問難題也可以發(fā)到翻譯論壇(翻譯中國論壇、譯網(wǎng)情深為主)里求助，或是與熟悉行業(yè)的同事討論等等。誠然，各個(gè)翻譯的行文風(fēng)格當(dāng)然會(huì)有有所不同。有時(shí)近義詞可以通用，有時(shí)卻是用某個(gè)詞最佳。比如banquet和feast都表示宴席之類，前者意思比較單純，而后者則有濃重的宗教(其實(shí)就是基督教)色彩，而且還有比喻義(“(讓)某人大飽眼福”的英文說法就是feast one's eyes)。具體來說，表示“婚宴”兩個(gè)詞大體通用(banquet常有致辭，比feast更正式一些)，但若是比喻義用banquet就不對(duì)。如果是這種情況，稱其為“翻譯風(fēng)格的不同”來掩飾其失誤十分可笑。這和將頭埋在沙子里的鴕鳥又有何區(qū)別?說實(shí)話，自己有時(shí)也不能完全做到。不管怎么說，也應(yīng)該孜孜以求。

　　To tell you the truth, every time I finish the translation, I feel that it is far from perfect. Most of the time, it's just satisfaction, not excellence. This is often due to their own level is limited, need to improve. In the face of information that may involve various industries, no matter how high the level of information is limited. Therefore, it is helpful to summarize the previous translations regularly. What's more, if you have any questions or problems, you can also send them to the Translation Forum (translation China Forum, translation net) for help, or discuss with colleagues familiar with the industry, etc. Of course, the writing style of each translation will be different. Sometimes synonyms can be used in general, but sometimes it is best to use a certain word. For example, banquets and "feast" both mean "feast". The former means "feast one's eyes", while the latter means "feast one's eyes". To be specific, the two words "wedding banquet" are generally used (banquets often have speeches, which are more formal than feast), but it is not right to use banquets as metaphors. If this is the case, it is ridiculous to call it "different translation styles" to cover up its mistakes. What's the difference between this and an ostrich with its head buried in the sand? To be honest, sometimes I can't do it completely. In any case, it should be pursued diligently.

　　六、獨(dú)立鉆研

　　6、 Independent research

　　這一點(diǎn)也很重要。我始終認(rèn)為，一名翻譯人員不但應(yīng)該具有強(qiáng)烈的鉆研精神，而且應(yīng)該獨(dú)立進(jìn)行。因?yàn)橐蕾噭e人或者所謂權(quán)威中終究不是辦法。不管是搜索資料還是討論疑難，都應(yīng)該獨(dú)立思考。先得出自己的結(jié)論和看法，即使有什么失誤也沒什么。從中借鑒學(xué)習(xí)取得長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步，那失誤問題就會(huì)暴露自己不足的一面，未嘗不是好事。

　　This is also important. I always believe that a translator should not only have a strong research spirit, but also be independent. Because relying on others or the so-called authority is not the way after all. Whether it's searching materials or discussing problems, we should think independently. Draw your own conclusions and opinions first, even if there are any mistakes, it's OK. Learning from it and making great progress will expose one's own shortcomings, which is not a bad thing.

　　七、規(guī)范性

　　7、 Normative

　　翻譯中的各種專有名詞、術(shù)語等等往往都已約定俗成，翻譯時(shí)必須與之相符。要知道，日常翻譯的大多數(shù)資料并不是文學(xué)資料，由你別出心裁，發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造。其實(shí)即使是文學(xué)類翻譯照樣有限制，不是隨意亂譯。即使專有名詞、術(shù)語在上下文中有特定含義或者保留其字面，也應(yīng)該指出其真實(shí)含義，以免不懂外文的讀者不知所云甚至產(chǎn)生誤解。

　　All kinds of proper nouns, terms and so on in translation have been established by convention and must be consistent with them in translation. You should know that most of the materials in daily translation are not literary materials, which are created by you. In fact, even literary translation is still limited, not random translation. Even if a proper noun or term has a specific meaning in the context or retains its literal meaning, it should also point out its true meaning, so as not to make the readers who do not understand the foreign language confused or even misunderstood.

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