放線菌酮 氯霉素 嘌呤霉素 鏈霉素和卡那霉素 四 環(huán) 素 族 目錄 (二)干擾素 干擾素(interferon, IFN)是真核細(xì)胞被病毒感染 干擾素(interferon, IFN)是真核細(xì)胞被病毒感染 后分泌的一類具有抗病毒作用的蛋白質(zhì), 后分泌的一類具有抗病毒作用的蛋白質(zhì) , 可抑 制病毒的繁殖。 制病毒的繁殖。 干擾素分為α 白細(xì)胞) 干擾素分為 α- ( 白細(xì)胞 ) 型 、 β- ( 成纖維細(xì)胞 ) 成纖維細(xì)胞) 型和γ 淋巴細(xì)胞) 型三大類, 每類各有亞型, 型和 γ- ( 淋巴細(xì)胞 ) 型三大類 , 每類各有亞型 , 分別具有其特異作用。 分別具有其特異作用。 summary 1. The genetic code consists of threethreenucleotide codons. The code is commaless and degenerate; the first two nucleotides of the three-letter code are often sufficient; and threethere are special codons for the initiation and termination of peptide synthesis. 2. An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes aminoacylthe addition of a specific amino acid to the acceptor stem of the appropriate tRNA, producing an aminoacyl-tRNA. aminoacyl- 3. Ribosomes are the RNA-protein complex. RNAThe growing polypeptide chain is attached to a tRNA in the peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome, and the aminoacyl-tRNA molecule bearing the aminoacylnext amino acid to be added to the nascent polypeptide chain docks in the aminoacyl (A) site. 世博北京日語翻譯公司. Translation begins with the formation of an initiation complex consisting of an initiator tRNA, the mRNA template, the ribosomal subunits, and several initiation factors. In prokaryotes, initiation occurs just downstream of Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Shine- 5. The elongation step of translation requires accessory proteins called elongation factors. The three steps of elongation are(1)positioning of the correct aminoacyl-tRNA in A site, (2)formation of aminoacylthe peptide bond by peptidyl transferase, and (3) translocation of the ribosome by one codon. 6. Release factors recognize termination codons and catalyze the termination of protein synthesis and disassembly of the translation complex. 7. Many proteins are posttranslationally modified. Some eukaryotic proteins destined for secretion containing N-terminal signals. N- 使核蛋白體大小亞基保持分離狀態(tài) 的蛋白質(zhì)因子是 A、IF1 B、IF2 C、IF3 D、EF1 E、EF2 蛋白質(zhì)生物合成中不需要能量的步驟是 A、氨基酰-tRNA合成 氨基酰-tRNA合成 B、啟動 C、肽鏈延長 D、轉(zhuǎn)肽 E、終止 密碼GGC的對應(yīng)反密碼子是 密碼GGC的對應(yīng)反密碼子是 A、GCC B、CCG C、CCC D、CGC E、GGC 核蛋白體轉(zhuǎn)肽酶活性,需要的無機離子是 核蛋白體轉(zhuǎn)肽酶活性, A、Ca2+與K+ Ca2+與 B、Mg2+與K+ Mg2+與 C、Mg2+與Na+ Mg2+與 D、Zn2+與K+ Zn2+與 E、Ca2+與Na+ Ca2+與 一個氨基酸參入多肽鏈,需要 一個氨基酸參入多肽鏈, A、兩個ATP分子 兩個ATP分子 B、一個ATP分子,兩個GTP分子 一個ATP分子 兩個GTP分子 ATP分子, GTP C、一個ATP分子,一個GTP分子 一個ATP分子 一個GTP分子 分子, D、兩個ATP分子,一個GTP分子 兩個ATP分子 一個GTP分子 分子, E、兩個GTP分子 兩個GTP分子 翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯:北京翻譯公司) |