2(世博北京翻譯公司)3 complex） ，一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，其移植得以成為可能的話。 46. Its subject （to use Maynard Mack’ categories） "life-as-spectacle， for readers， s is " diverted by its various incidents，observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without；the tragic Iliad， however，presents "life-as-experience"：readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles，whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. （5） 其主題〔若借鑒梅納德。邁克（Maynard Mack）的兩個分類范疇的話〕是“人生作為外部景象” ，因?yàn)樽x者的 注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散，主要是從外部來觀察其主人公奧德修斯（Odyssus）的；然而，富于 悲劇色彩的《伊利亞特》所表現(xiàn)的則是“人生作為內(nèi)心體驗(yàn)” ：讀者被要求與阿基琉斯（Achilles）的心靈產(chǎn)生 共鳴，而其行為動機(jī)卻致使他變作一個并非特別惹人喜愛的主人公。 （從分號后的語句推理出前面的意思） 注：hero:主人公；without:外部；likable:有吸引力的 47. The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle. 對于地幔分層論點(diǎn)來說， 最好的證據(jù)乃這樣一個確認(rèn)的事實(shí)， 即在那些海洋島嶼——這些島嶼據(jù)信是源于由下層 地幔升上來的地幔柱狀溶巖流（mantle plume）——上發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山巖石，是由與海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)根本 不同的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，而這一海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的成因，大多數(shù)地質(zhì)學(xué)家論辯道，為上部地幔。 48. Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" （elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state） percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. 但是，某些地質(zhì)學(xué)家，以對地幔捕虜巖體（xenolith）所作的觀察為依據(jù)，指出地幔并非是分層排列的，相反， 地幔的異質(zhì)性是由那些富含“不兼容成分”的流質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，這些成分趨向于流體而非固體的狀態(tài)，自下而上滲透 擴(kuò)散，并依照這些流質(zhì)流向的任意性，不規(guī)則地將上部地幔的某些部分予以改變。 49. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s （cDNA’s）that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s （mRNA’s）of the peptide hormones. 科學(xué)家可以制造出特異的（specific）互補(bǔ) DNA’s（cDNA’s） ，以此作為分子探子（molecular probe） ，探 覓出肽激素的信使 RNA’s（mRNA’s） 。 50．The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. 采用 cDNA 探子來測定肽激素的這一分子生物學(xué)方法同時也應(yīng)該比免疫學(xué)的方法速度來得快，因?yàn)閷τ诿庖叩?方法來說，需耗費(fèi)好幾年枯燥的提純進(jìn)程，方能將肽素分離了出來，然后再培養(yǎng)出針對它們的抗血清。 51. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events. 然而， 研究更新世的研究者發(fā)展除了各種各樣的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系統(tǒng)， 用來顯示如果由他們來決定 地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會如何安排冰川紀(jì)。 52(世博北京翻譯公司). This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. 這一序列演替（succession）所依據(jù)的，主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事 件，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層（interglacial bed）中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰 層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化（interstatified） 。 53．There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously 2(世博北京翻譯公司)3  

2(世博北京翻譯公司)4 involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. 人們試圖對這些禁忌作出解釋， 所依據(jù)的要幺是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需 要之滿足的人之間的，要幺是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會關(guān) 系。 54．Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. 誠然，這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對小說架構(gòu)的意識可與亨利。詹姆斯（Henry James）的那種意識相比 擬； 然則， 任何力圖將小說所有形形色色的因素統(tǒng)一起來的做法， 在某種程度上注定是無法令人信服的。Granted that:大家都統(tǒng)一、當(dāng)然，表讓步，=admitted , of course. 55．It is not known how rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond； but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic. 現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步， 也不知道是否它最常見于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中， 而這類物質(zhì)的 晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說服力的證據(jù)，證 明金剛石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。 56．Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority. of 即使是對這一主流研究模型的“激進(jìn)”批評，諸如《分裂的社會》 （Divided Society）一書中所提出的那種批 判， 亦將少數(shù)民族同化問題過分機(jī)械地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會移動性的因素聯(lián)系起來， 因此無從闡明波多黎各人作為一個 殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關(guān)系。 57．I can think of a good few medical students who would willingly “work their way through colleges” by filling in as nurses at our understaffed hospitals. 我可以想象不少讀醫(yī)的學(xué)生是愿意來我們?nèi)耸植蛔愕尼t(yī)院臨時充當(dāng)護(hù)士，以此來掙錢讀完大學(xué)的。分析：fill in 用做及物動詞詞組，和 a blank/a check./a form 等搭配時，是做“填寫”“填入”解釋的，但是如果用作不 、 及物動詞詞組時，和 for sb. as sb.搭配，就是做“暫時代替”來解釋。 58．(An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities.) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. 批評智力的測試不反映上述情況，就好比批評溫度計(jì)不能測出風(fēng)速一樣。 分析：很多情況下，failure 這個詞是做“失敗”解釋的，但是，當(dāng) failure 后面接動詞不定式，形成 failure to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，這個 failure 就應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋為“未能”“沒有” 、 。 59．It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on certificates, diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about. 我認(rèn)為時機(jī)已成熟。就業(yè)部門和教育部門應(yīng)同大學(xué)攜起手來，修正我們的教育制度，使之能比較合理地使用學(xué)生 的才能、勤奮和刻苦。而現(xiàn)在他們這些才能和努力都浪費(fèi)在無人感興趣的證書、文憑和學(xué)位上。 分析：雖然 application 常做“申請”解釋，但是由上下文來看，這里顯然不是這個意思，而是另一個意思：勤 奮刻苦。同樣，industry 也有這個問題，它多做“工業(yè)”解釋，但根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)當(dāng)是“勤勞”的意思。此外， 這里的 economic 也是誤譯，只是看它和 economy 有些像，就想當(dāng)然地譯成“經(jīng)濟(jì)” ，這是不對的，應(yīng)當(dāng)是看 它在文章里的具體環(huán)境，采用“節(jié)約的”“合理的”這個譯法。 、 60．(There is a definite link between smoking and heart disease and lung cancer.) But this doesn’t 2(世博北京翻譯公司)4   翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯：世博翻譯公司)