原文中，受事“生日”在前，施事“自己”和行為“聽……說的”在后。譯文根據(jù)英語表達習慣做了調(diào)整。

轉(zhuǎn)換(2)

五、 正面表達與反面表達轉(zhuǎn)換

由于思維方式的不同，英語中有些從正面表達的東西在漢語中習慣從反面來表達；而有些從反面來表達的東西在漢語中則習慣從正面來表達。因此，英譯漢時常常有必要進行轉(zhuǎn)換。這就是通常所說的"正說反譯、反說正譯"法。英語正面表達這里指的是不帶否定詞no, not , never否定前綴non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-和否定后綴-less等的句子，漢語正面表達則是指不帶"不"、"沒"、"非"、"未"、 "否"、 "無"、 "莫"、"勿"、"別"等否定詞語的句子；反之則是反面表達。

（一）英語正面表達轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語反面表達

frost-free refrigerator無霜冰箱

Freeze! 別動！

Wet paint! 油漆未干！

mortally ill 不治之癥

(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. 這項建議差點通不過。

(2)We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 我們相信，年輕一代將不會辜負我們的信任。

(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) He went to an outdoor phone booth and dialed Chicago, then New York, then San Francisco. Silence. Silence. Silence. 他到一個戶外公用電話亭，先給芝加哥、又給紐約、舊金山打了電話。 

沒有回音。沒有回音。沒有回音。

(4) As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity. 作為居住的地方，這里有許多不足之處，但作為改革性的新飛機秘密訓練基地，卻是非常理想的。因為它地處邊陲，人們不易發(fā)覺其中的活動。

(5) The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensations as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature. 然而，縈繞心頭的畫面，那些一經(jīng)嗅到玫瑰花香或新鮮干草的氣息便會倏地闖入記憶的情景，其實并不復雜。

(6) As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper; and began reading. 他一面喝咖啡，一面翻開油墨未干的晨報，看了起來。

(7) Father's attitude toward anybody who wasn't his kind used to puzzle me. 以前我總不懂父親為什么對那些脾氣跟他不一樣的人采取那么個態(tài)度。

(8) Sadly, Edward died before he could see the new church, but his beautiful tomb is still there, with the tombs of the Kings and Queens of England who came after him. 遺憾的是，愛德華未能看見新教堂就去世了，但是他那幽雅的墳?zāi)购退煤蟮挠鴩鹾屯鹾蟮膲災(zāi)惯€都留在那里。

（二）英語反面表達轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語正面表達

(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) You can't be too careful. 你要特別小心。

(2) The significance of these incidents wasn't lost on us. 這些事件引起了我們的重視。

(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) Such flights couldn't long escape notice. 這類飛行遲早會被人發(fā)覺的。

(4) The human system can hold out for a while against the gas from a leaking, damped-down coal stove, but soon often unconsciousness comes death. 煤氣若是從封上火的煤爐漏出，人體可以忍受一些時候，但人昏迷之后，不用很久就會死亡。

(5) But there is another story, a family saga, that may turn out to be important to unlocking the mystery of what actually happened between Lewinsky and the President. 但是，萊溫斯基和總統(tǒng)之間究竟發(fā)生了什么事，另外一個故事，即家史，最終對解開這個謎十分重要。

(6) Maintaining credibility requires confronting potential adversaries with the objective, unambiguous facts of our counter-balancing military capabilities, our political strengths and economic advantages, and our clear resolution to use these for our defense if necessary. 保持這種可靠性需要以下客觀的、明確的事實來對付潛在的對手：我們達到平衡的軍事能力、我們的政治實力和經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢以及我們必要時使用這些手段進行自衛(wèi)的毫不含糊的決心。

漢語中的否定概念，有時也可譯為英語中的肯定句式。而與此有關(guān)的英語肯定句有兩種：一種是意義和形式都肯定；而另一類，則是意義否定、形式上肯定的。

1(世博英文翻譯公司) 那位老人能在大風大浪中不停地游泳達三小時以上。 翻譯公司 (責任編輯：世博翻譯公司)