七、分句轉(zhuǎn)換

分句轉(zhuǎn)換是指一種英語分句翻譯成漢語時轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種分句，例如：

(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) They felt that it was much easier and safer to rob their own people, for they knew that white policemen never really searched diligently for Negroes who committed crimes against other Negroes.他們覺得搶劫他們的同種人要安全得多，因為他們知道，如果黑人侵犯的是黑人，白人警察便從來不認真搜捕。（定語從句--條件狀語從句）

(2) Her great grief in this relation was that her only child, on whose education no expense had been and would be spared, was now old enough to perceive these deficiencies in his mother. 這一方面給她造成了極大的苦悶，也就是有關(guān)她的獨生子的問題。雖然過去和今后在兒子的教育費用上既不曾也不會省掉什么錢，然而如今他的年紀已經(jīng)不小，能注意他母親的這些缺點了。（定語從句--讓步狀語從句）

歸化

由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時有時直譯原文就會使譯入語讀者感到費解，甚至誤解。這時，就有必要借用漢語中意義相同或相近、且具有自己鮮明文化色彩的表達法對原文加以歸化。歸化翻譯法常用于處理某些英語成語、典故、形象詞語等一類文化色彩較濃的表達方式。恰倒好處地歸化可以使譯文地道簡潔、生動活潑，便于譯入語讀者理解和接受。例如：

as timid as a hare 膽小如鼠

（在西方文化中，兔子是膽小的象征，而在我國，兔子卻象征著機警敏捷。人們常說："靜若處子，動若脫兔。"鼠在我國才是膽小的象征，所以翻譯時直接加以歸化。）

at a stone's throw一箭之遙

wet like a drown rat 濕如落湯雞

as stupid as a goose 蠢得像豬

as stubborn as a mule 犟得像牛

seek a hare in a hen's nest 緣木求魚

as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶

lead a dog's life 過著牛馬一樣的生活

cry up wine and sell vinegar 掛羊頭，賣狗肉

put back the clock 開倒車

talk horse 吹牛

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 殺雞取卵

drink like a fish 牛飲

肉中刺 a thorn in the flesh

畫蛇添足 to gild the lily

害群之馬 the black sheep

傾盆大雨 to rain cats and dogs

(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson.

嫁雞隨雞，嫁狗隨狗。

(2)One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.

一個和尚挑水吃，兩個和尚抬水吃，三個和尚沒水吃。

(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires.

我軟得像一團棉花，脊背疼痛得好像被鋼絲抽打過一樣。

(原文中l(wèi)imp as a dish rag，如直譯為"像洗碟布一樣柔軟"，既不地道，又讓人產(chǎn)生一種較惡心的感覺，不如用漢語中常說的"軟得像一團棉花"加以歸化。)

(4) Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said shortly, "Yes. New brooms sweep clean."

人人都說新任秘書干得好，但卡爾老先生卻簡慢地說："新官上任三把火。"

(原文new brooms sweep clean的字面意思是"新掃把掃得干凈"，比喻"新任職的人干得好"，和漢語中的"新官上任三把火"異曲同工，貌離神合。

(5) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King.

山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王。

(6) Last night I heard him driving his pig to market.

昨夜我聽到他鼾聲如雷。

(7) Who would have thought of Mr.Mottram doing so well? And so many of his friends, too, that used to stay here? We were entertaining angels unawares.

誰知道摩特蘭先生干得那么出色？還有他那許多朋友，原來都住在這兒的，誰知道呀？我們真是有眼無珠。

(8) It was, as Bill afterwards expressed it, "during a moment of temporary mental apparition", but we didn't find that out till later.

恰如后來比爾說的那樣，那陣子簡直是"一時鬼迷心竅"。不過，我們直到后來才明白了這個意思。

（apparition在原文中是鬼魂或幽靈出現(xiàn)的意思。mental apparition直譯是"心中有鬼"，這就很容易給人造成誤解，因此需要多少將原形象適當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)換一下。

(9) They will be ice-skating in hell the day, when I vote the aid for them.

要我投票贊成給他們援助，除非太陽從西邊出來。 （ice-skating in hell如譯成"在地獄里滑冰"就很難為中國讀者所理解和接受。） 翻譯公司 (責任編輯：世博翻譯公司)