一般來講,句子的譯法可以是:一、亦步亦趨,二、化整為零(分譯),三、調(diào)整句序、詞序。從語言層次的轉(zhuǎn)換情況來看,英語句子翻譯成漢語既可是同一層次的同類型轉(zhuǎn)換,也可是同一層次的非同類型轉(zhuǎn)換,還可以是超越同一層次的轉(zhuǎn)換。
(一) 簡單句的翻譯
翻譯簡單句有時(shí)可亦步亦趨,有時(shí)則需在引申詞義、轉(zhuǎn)換詞類和調(diào)整詞序、句序上下功夫,例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) I bought the car.我買了這部車。(轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語簡單句)
(2) But this naval competition strained the Liberal Government's principles as well as their budgets.但是這種海軍競賽使自由黨政府的原則無法自圓其說,也使其預(yù)算捉襟見肘。(轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語聯(lián)合復(fù)句的并列句)
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof. 司法部門如果對此不聞不問,那就是沒有盡到責(zé)任。(轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語偏正復(fù)句的假設(shè)句)
(4) Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and co-operation. 各國社會制度不同,但不應(yīng)妨礙彼此接近與相互合作。(轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語偏正復(fù)句的轉(zhuǎn)折句)
(5) This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair. 這是一次精心組織起來的會議。市政廳里濟(jì)濟(jì)一堂,熱情洋溢,主持會議的是斯特朗先生。(轉(zhuǎn)換成兩個(gè)漢語句子)
(二) 復(fù)合句的翻譯
英語復(fù)合句翻譯時(shí)首先要理清各分句之間的關(guān)系(語法關(guān)系和邏輯關(guān)系),辯明句意及句子在特定語境中的功能。表達(dá)時(shí)有時(shí)可亦步亦趨,有時(shí)可用分譯法和句序、詞序調(diào)整法。下面是名詞分句漢譯的幾個(gè)例子:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) Whether an object will sink or float depends on its density. 物體在水中的沉浮取決于物體的比重。(名詞分句--轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語單句,名詞分句成主語)
(2) I owe it to you that I didn't die. 我沒死,全靠你。(名詞分句--賓語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語并列句)
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) It worried her much that her daughter should stay up so late. 她很著急,因?yàn)樗畠汉芡矶疾凰X。(名詞分句--主語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句)
定語分句漢譯應(yīng)多注意其位置;狀語化的定語分句漢譯時(shí)則應(yīng)注意其意義的傳達(dá):
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) John liked my sister, who was warm and pleasant.他喜歡我那熱情歡快的妹妹。(定語分句--前置定語)
(2) It seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.我認(rèn)為原因有二,而兩者之間又有明顯的深淺之分。(定語分句--并列分句)
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我們知道,由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€,所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹煤芮宄?。(定語分句--原因)
(4) There are many people who want to see the film. 許多人要看這部電影。(定語分句--獨(dú)立句子)
需要指出的是,英語中含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句,譯成漢語時(shí),有些成了偏正復(fù)句,有些成了聯(lián)合復(fù)句,還有一些成了單句。此外,有些句序調(diào)整是強(qiáng)制性的(required),有些是選擇性的(selective / optional),翻譯時(shí)必須加以注意。
(三) 長句翻譯
長句的翻譯首先要判斷出句子的結(jié)構(gòu)(如是簡單句,并列句,還是復(fù)合句),再找出句中的主要句子成分,即主語和謂語動詞,然后再分清句中的賓語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語等,最后還要弄清原文的表達(dá)模式特點(diǎn)。一般說來,英語長句的翻譯主要依原句的語義及句子各部分間的邏輯關(guān)系而定,采取的方法就是分譯,而分譯法大體又分為順譯法、逆譯法、綜合法。例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) …This is nonsense but with it organs of the popular Press played upon the emotions of their readers so successfully that many candidates for Parliament were afraid to support abolition for fear of losing votes and the result was the muddle-headed Homicide Act of 1(世博英文翻譯公司)957 which made murder with robbery a capital crime and allowed the prisoner to escape the gallows. ……這是胡說八道,但一些在大眾中頗有影響的報(bào)刊卻利用它大肆煽動讀者的情緒,許多竟選國會議員的人由于害怕失去選票而不敢支持廢除死刑,其結(jié)果就是1(世博英文翻譯公司)957年通過的糊里糊涂的《兇殺法案》。根據(jù)這個(gè)法案,搶劫殺人犯要判死刑,而投毒殺人犯卻可不判死刑。(順譯法)
翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯:世博翻譯公司) |