給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來通常能有效地解決這一問題。

　　(3)指示代詞

　　例：During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

　　在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中，歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時，那些解釋新史料的新方法充實了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。

　　(4)不定代詞

　　不明確的指代一個人或一個事物的代詞

　　例：However,the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascinating and delightful aspects.

　　然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。

　　(5)疑問代詞

　　例：It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources,and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

　　這種謬誤同樣存在于歷史傳統(tǒng)派和歷史社科派；前者認(rèn)為歷史就是史學(xué)界內(nèi)部和外部人士對各種史料來源的評論，后者認(rèn)為歷史的研究是具體方法的研究。

　　(6)關(guān)系代詞

　　例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

　　這些預(yù)測在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。

二、名詞的翻譯(專業(yè)翻譯公司推薦世博翻譯公司)方法

　　1、不認(rèn)識的名詞

　　(1)從文章句形找它的解釋

　　例：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

　　未來學(xué)家皮爾森匯集世界各地數(shù)百位研究人員的成果，編制了一個獨特的新技術(shù)千年歷，它列出了人們有望看到數(shù)百項重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。

　　(2)看看前邊有沒有同義詞

　　例：But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.

　　但皮爾森指出，這個突破僅僅是人機(jī)一體化的開始：“它是人機(jī)一體化漫長之路的第一步，人機(jī)一體化最終會使人們在下世紀(jì)末之前研制出完全電子化的仿真人。”

　　(3)從構(gòu)詞法找答案

　　例：Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.

　　天體物理學(xué)家使用南極陸基探測器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測這些云系，也許不久后會報告他們的觀測結(jié)果。

　　2、產(chǎn)生新意的名詞

　　(1)用邏輯推理法

　　例：In general,the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.

　　一般地說，當(dāng)所要測定的特征能很精確地界定時，測試最為有效；而當(dāng)所要測定或預(yù)測的東西不能明確地界定時，測試的效果則最差。

　　(2)緊扣文章的主題

　　例：There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

　　所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。

　　(3)語言環(huán)境

　　例：But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

 

 

但更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　(4)熟悉習(xí)慣表達(dá)法

　　例：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯：世博翻譯公司)