(4)動詞短語

　　例：Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country''s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

　　再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。

四、英譯漢中的非謂語動詞

　　(1)把非謂語動詞直接譯成動詞

　　例：However， the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascinating and delightful aspects.

　　然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。

　　(2)把非謂語動詞直接譯成形容詞

 

 

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　　例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang， first put forward in the 1920s， to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

　　巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十世紀(jì)二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所不可缺少的。

　　(3)把非謂語動詞直接譯成名詞

　　例：When that happens， it is not a mistake： it is mankind''s instinct for moral reasoning in action， an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

　　當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生同情心的時候并不是一個錯誤，這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵，而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄

　　(4)把非謂語動詞直接譯成謂詞動詞

　　例：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

　　在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來自社會需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。

五、英譯漢中的從句

　　(1)主語從句　(2)賓語從句　(3)表語從句

　　例：Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

　　政府究竟是以減少對技術(shù)的經(jīng)費投入來增加對純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動力量。

　　(4)定語從句

　　例：They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory， and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　自由和尊嚴(yán)(它們)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自制者所擁有的，是要求一個人對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

　　(5)狀語從句

　　例：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians， modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

　　幾乎每個歷史學(xué)家對史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實踐最趨向于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實并對其做出解釋。

　　(6)同謂語從句

　　例：This trend began during the Second World War， when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府要向科研機構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。

　六、對稱關(guān)系

　　(1)結(jié)構(gòu)上對稱，例用并列聯(lián)詞，and， or but

　　(2)誤意上對稱，使用同一類型的詞。

　　例：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past， giving rise to new standards of elegance.

　　同過去一樣，將來必然會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　The target is wrong， for in attacking the tests， critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.

　　例：例如，測試并不能彌補明顯的社會不公；因此，它們不能說明一個物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長的話，會有多大才干。 翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯：世博翻譯公司)