9. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. （3+）

難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

譯文：古特曼表示，這種對(duì)于外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個(gè)和另一個(gè)部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對(duì)近親聯(lián)姻（union with close kin）的禁止。

解釋：本句有兩個(gè)插入語，第一個(gè)插入語Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主語和謂語。West African rules后跟著兩個(gè)修飾成分，第一個(gè)是分詞修飾(governing marriage), 第二個(gè)是以which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，從句中出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)插入語though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了從句引導(dǎo)詞與謂語之間的聯(lián)系。

意群訓(xùn)練：This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.

1(世博翻譯公司)0. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe. （4+）

難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞

譯文：該社會(huì)學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對(duì)美國黑人的歧視時(shí)，相對(duì)而言尚能適用，但他對(duì)種族偏見所下的定義——即“以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對(duì)某個(gè)群體的消級(jí)的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族”——可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對(duì)加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。

解釋：本句長度驚人，插入部分比較長，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個(gè)分鐘中，長長的插入語as racially based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition作為主語his definition of racial prejudice的同位語，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語義難以理解，對(duì)讀者的詞匯功底要求較高。考試現(xiàn)場如無法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說的是其論點(diǎn)對(duì)美國黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說其理論對(duì)華人和猶太人相對(duì)無用。

意群訓(xùn)練：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe.

 翻譯實(shí)踐1(世博翻譯公司) 

一、 詞語的正確理解

1(世博翻譯公司). 詞語的正確搭配及意義

一個(gè)詞，在詞典中盡管有許多意思，但是用在某個(gè)特定的句子中，和不同的詞語進(jìn)行搭配時(shí)，以及在不同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)中，只有一個(gè)確定的意思。因此，在翻譯時(shí)要善于抓住詞語的搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞義。以下舉例說明：

1(世博翻譯公司)） I can think of a good few medical students who would willingly “work their way through colleges” by filling in as nurses at our understaffed hospitals.

誤譯：我可以想象不少讀醫(yī)的學(xué)生是愿意來我們?nèi)耸植蛔愕尼t(yī)院當(dāng)護(hù)士幫助病人填寫病歷，以此來掙錢讀完大學(xué)的。

正譯：我可以想象不少讀醫(yī)的學(xué)生是愿意來我們?nèi)耸植蛔愕尼t(yī)院臨時(shí)充當(dāng)護(hù)士，以此來掙錢讀完大學(xué)的。分析：fill in用做及物動(dòng)詞詞組，和a blank/a check./a form等搭配時(shí)，是做“填寫”、“填入”解釋的，但是如果用作不及物動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，和for sb. as sb.搭配，就是做“暫時(shí)代替”來解釋。

2） (An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities.) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.

誤譯：批評(píng)這樣的失敗就好比批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不能測出風(fēng)速一樣。 翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯：世博翻譯公司)