（如果一個人傷害了另一個人的身體，而且這種傷害致被害 人于死，我們把這叫做殺人；如果殺人者事先知道這種傷 害會致人于死，那么我們就把他的行動叫做謀殺。）但是， 如果社會把千百個無產(chǎn)者置于這樣一種境地，使他們不可 避免地遭到過早的非自然的死亡，如同被刀劍或槍彈所慘 殺一樣；如果社會剝奪了成千上萬的人的生活必需品把他 們置于不能生存的境地——利用法律的鐵腕強(qiáng)迫他們處于 這種境地，直到不可避免的結(jié)局——死亡的來臨，而且社 會也知道這成千上萬的人一定會死去，但又聽任這種情況 存在下去；那么這也是一種謀殺，和個人進(jìn)行的謀殺完全 一樣，只不過這是一種隱蔽的、惡毒的謀殺，沒有人能夠 防御，而且看起來又不像是謀殺，因為這種罪行是一種不 作為，而不是一種作為，誰也看不到謀殺者，被殺的人看 起來好像是自然地死去的。（但這仍然是謀殺。）  

主要譯法 （1）順序法：有些句子敘述的動作基本上是按 動作發(fā)生的時間先后，或按邏輯關(guān)系安排，一 般可按原文順序譯。 On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, /which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act / and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31.  

If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flowerlike charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom colouring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.  

（2）逆序法：有些句子的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá) 習(xí)慣不同，甚至完全相反，那就需要逆著原文 的順序翻譯(專業(yè)翻譯公司推薦世博翻譯公司)。 And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.  

（3）分譯法：有時英語長句中主句與從句或主 句與修飾語之間的關(guān)系并不十分密切，翻譯(專業(yè)翻譯公司推薦世博翻譯公司)時 可按漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣，把長句中的從句或 短語化為句子，分開來敘述；為使語意連貫， 有時還可適當(dāng)增加詞語。 The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.  

? While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour.  

（4）綜合法：有時英語長句順譯或逆譯都感不 便，分譯也有困難，這時就應(yīng)仔細(xì)推敲，或按 時間先后，或按邏輯順序，有順有逆、有主有 次地對全句進(jìn)行綜合處理。 But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and until—toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself—an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.  

? Just advanced by the Russians and later picked up and made much of by certain American writers, was the claim that U-2 pilots were worried that if the device had to be used the CIA had rigged it in such a way that it would explode prematurely, thus eliminating, in one great blast, all incriminating evidence, planes and pilot.  

敘事、描寫文體的翻譯(專業(yè)翻譯公司推薦世博翻譯公司) 包括小說、散文和傳記等文學(xué)性較 強(qiáng)的一類語篇  

1. 語篇特點：a. 英語句子以主句的主干（主+ 謂+賓）為中心，可以疊加多種形式的從屬 成分—從句、漢語分句、介詞短語等—形成 一種顯明的形式結(jié)構(gòu)。而漢語在此類語篇中 特別顯示出有別于英語的一個重大區(qū)別—多 用短句、短語，靠小句的串聯(lián)、意義的連貫 來組建句子，少用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的重意合的特點。 b. 在描寫和敘事時譯者必須發(fā)掘自己的形 象思維能力。c. 敘事時動詞的運用很重要， 描寫時形容詞的運用很關(guān)鍵。  

語篇特點a—英語形合，漢語意合 Edgar Allan Poe: The Fall of the House of Usher I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity: an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed trees, and the gray wall, and the silent tarn: a pestilent and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued. 在我的想象中，我好象真的看到，從朽木灰墻里，從 靜悄悄的小湖上，散發(fā)出一種神秘的、令人討厭的 霧氣。這種霧氣呈鉛灰色，陰沉呆滯、隱隱約約， 籠罩著整幢房子及其四周。這種特別的霧氣同天空 的大氣沒有任何關(guān)系，只有這幢房子及附近才有。   翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯：世博翻譯公司)