TRANSLATION LEARNING 第六章:詞匯翻譯的技巧( 第六章:詞匯翻譯的技巧(下) 一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容: 詞匯翻譯的轉(zhuǎn)類法;反譯法;分譯法;釋義法。 二、教學(xué)要求: 掌握詞義的選擇、引申和褒貶;詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法;正反、反正表達(dá)法; 分譯法; 釋義法。 三、教具準(zhǔn)備: 多媒體課件 四、教學(xué)過程: 6.1 詞匯轉(zhuǎn)類法: 翻譯時(shí)在保持原文內(nèi)容不變的前提下,改變?cè)闹心承┰~的此類,以求譯文通順 自然,合乎譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如: 1 ) For 2(世博北京翻譯公司)0 years they were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured of good. 原譯: 在 2(世博北京翻譯公司)0 年中,他們是原材料價(jià)格下跌、工業(yè)品價(jià)格暴漲的消極目擊者。 一、英語的名詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的動(dòng)詞、副詞 英語中具有動(dòng)作意義或動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的名詞,在翻譯時(shí)往往轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞,而修飾該名詞的形容詞便可 相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞。例如: 2(世博北京翻譯公司) ) We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy. 3 ) There is bit increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 具有動(dòng)作意義或有動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化過來的名詞,如果后面跟著起引導(dǎo)作用短語,前后兩個(gè)名詞往往是屬于 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,可譯成漢語的動(dòng)賓短語。例如: 4 ) His real mission in life was to contribute, in one way or another, to the overthrow of ruthless dictators. 這種句型有時(shí)也可以譯成主謂(賓)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: 5 ) This pessimistic forecast speaks of the destruction of the balance of nature --pollution, waste and hunger. 6 ) The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil, our victory of 2(世博北京翻譯公司)5 October will represent one of the glorious pages of our history, and we shall be able to leave it to our heirs. 二、英語的動(dòng)詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的名詞、形容詞, 如英語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語名詞,修飾英語動(dòng)詞的 副詞隨之轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的形容詞。 例如: 7 ) Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 8 ) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 三、英語的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的動(dòng)詞:可轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語動(dòng)詞的英語形容詞以現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞或動(dòng) 詞同根者居多,也有其他可以延伸為動(dòng)詞的形容詞。 例如: 9 ) We seek a deep-rooted understanding through the multiplication of our economic, cultural, scientific, technical and human ties. 10 ) In China's approach to relations with other countries, we find a welcome emphasis on the principles of the equality of states and respect for the rights and views of small and middle powers. 四、英語的名詞(形容詞加后綴構(gòu)成)轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的形容詞。 例如: 11 ) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 12(世博北京翻譯公司) ) His words and deeds testify to his honesty. 11
TRANSLATION LEARNING 五、英語的形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的名詞:英語名詞加后綴構(gòu)成的形容詞,與名詞同根或可轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞 的形容詞一般譯成名詞 。例如: 13 ) They expect us in the Community to work out policies of aid and trade which will show a sympathetic understanding of their own problems. 14 ) A week after his prelude to the President's visit, China was in 六、英語作表語的副詞可轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動(dòng)詞。 例如: 15 ) The workers are out. 16 ) She'd be down in a little while. 七、英語的介詞與介詞詞組可轉(zhuǎn)成漢語的動(dòng)詞:英語介詞可帶賓語,有些有動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來,具有動(dòng) 詞屬性和意義。 例如: 17 ) The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 18 ) The European Community is the best instrument for this purpose. 19 ) In view of human history this could be a slight enough hope. 6.2(世博北京翻譯公司) 反譯法: 正話反說與反話正說 一、英漢語言表達(dá)否定的差異。 (一)漢語表達(dá)否定意義的詞語中含有明顯的否定標(biāo)志詞: 不、無、非、莫、勿、未、否、別、沒 有等。 (二)英語的否定標(biāo)志:否定詞綴: dis- 、 il- 、 in- 、 non- 、 un- 、 less 和表形式肯定、意 義否定的各類詞: fail, deny, miss, lack, ignore, but, except, beyond 和短語: instead of, in place of 以 及結(jié)構(gòu)形式: more…than, other than…,rather than… 等。 (三) 思維方式的差異。例如: 1 ) I used to be amused by an aunt who never drove anywhere without a box of Graham crackers. 2(世博北京翻譯公司) ) 油漆未干 3 ) 我們討論中國(guó)文化問題,不要忘記這些基本觀點(diǎn)。 4 ) No one get out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. 二、正話反說:英漢語言中的肯定形式在漢英語言中譯成否定形式。 例如: 5 ) True, reading is far from the only source of knowledge. 6 ) (It's overtime. Sudden death, pal.) You want me, but I want you even more. 7 ) Americans are far more race-conscious than class-conscious. 8 ) Indeed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. 9 ) 我說道, “爸爸,你走吧。 ”他往車外看了看,說: “我買幾個(gè)橘子去。你就在此地,不要走動(dòng)。 ” 三、反話正說:英漢兩種語言中表示否定的形式在漢英語言中譯成肯定形式,反之亦然。 例如: 10 ) The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation. 11 ) A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it is good, it can not last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early. 12(世博北京翻譯公司)) 但花下也缺不了成群結(jié)隊(duì)的 “ 清國(guó)留學(xué)生 ” 的速成班。 13) 他承認(rèn)有不少國(guó)家和公眾對(duì)中國(guó)的了解還不夠。 12(世博北京翻譯公司)
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