TRANSLATION LEARNING (一)直譯(保留原文中的比喻詞) 在符合譯入語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的情況下,直譯能充分保持原文的生 : 動(dòng)性和表現(xiàn)力。例如: 1 ) The Red Man has ever fled the approach of the White Man, as the morning mist flees before the morning sun. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) Today is fair. Tomorrow may be overcast with clouds. My words are like the stars that never change. 3) 老榕樹的影子,也越來越看得更清楚了。 — 真像一位登高而望歸人的老著呢。 4) 他突然高聲大笑,好像說了什么笑話似的。 (二) 英語(yǔ)中的 as…as… 結(jié)構(gòu)大多直譯成漢語(yǔ)。 例如: as white as snow as cold as ice as blind as an owl as cheap as dirt as busy as a bee as beautiful as the sun (三) 由于文化上的差異,有的 as…as… 結(jié)構(gòu)用異譯法。 例如: as clear as day as clear as a bell as clear as a whistle as bold as bass as black as one's hat as bald as a coot 二、暗喻就是不使用明顯的比喻詞乃至于不使用任何比喻標(biāo)志的比喻。漢語(yǔ)的比喻標(biāo)志是“是、變 成了、成了”等詞語(yǔ);英語(yǔ)中則使用 be, become, turn into 等詞語(yǔ)。 (一)一般使用直譯法來翻譯。 例如: 1) Now if death be of such a nature, I say that to die is gain; for eternity is then only a single night. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) Three years' jungle life had turned him into a wild beast. 3) 卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行證,高尚是高尚者的墓志銘。 4) 一切都變了,她的最親密的文城變成了死城。 她的老父親變成了活在地獄的“人鬼” 。 (二) 根據(jù)需要,暗喻采用意譯譯成明喻。 例如: She is a fox. He is a weathercock. She ‘s a nightingale when she sings. He dashed out like an arrow. He is a goose. 10.2(世博北京翻譯公司) 轉(zhuǎn)喻 轉(zhuǎn)喻就是借與人或事物有關(guān)聯(lián)的事物來指代人或事物。 一、根據(jù)上下文,可以直譯。 例如: 1) Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) Only one thing will solve this case—the little grey cells of the brain. 3) What they could not solve with words, they solved with bloodshed. 二、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,可以意譯。 例如: 1) John spent many years in chains before he saw his family again. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) Have I in conquest stretch'd mine arm so far To be afeard to tell greybeards the truth? 10.3 擬人 擬人就是把動(dòng)物和沒有生命的事物當(dāng)成有思想感情的人類來描寫,甚至讓它們具有人的行為。這些 事物可以是無生命的實(shí)體,還可以是抽象的概念,如: 2(世博北京翻譯公司)1
TRANSLATION LEARNING a smiling moon ( 微笑的月亮 ) , a crying city( 哭泣的城市 ) 。 一、直譯法再現(xiàn)原文的生動(dòng)形象。 例如: 1) To its residents, Vesuvius was a benefactor – not an enemy. But without any warning, Mount Vesuvius roared to life. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) And certainly, whenever the wind blew, the Reed made the most graceful curtseys. 3) Crime burst in like a flood; modesty, truth, and honor fled. 4) 田野的秩序變得井井有條,土地把債務(wù)都已還清,谷子進(jìn)倉(cāng)了,泥土休憩了,自然舒一口氣,吹 來了爽風(fēng)。 二、有時(shí)意譯更符合譯文表達(dá)習(xí)慣 1) The ship sadly caught fire and the plans to make her a floating museum died in the smoldering embers. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) 春天正向我們走來。 10.4 夸張 夸張就是通過有意夸大或縮小事物的某個(gè)方面來增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。這種修辭手法具有很 強(qiáng)的感染力。 一、直譯保留原文的藝術(shù)特色。 例如: 1) “At'em, all hands—all hands!” he roared, in a voice of thunder. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces. 3) 為了讓兄弟們的肩頭 擔(dān)起整個(gè)大地,搖醒千萬個(gè)太陽(yáng) 4)父親嚴(yán)厲的話語(yǔ)幾乎把她嚇?biāo)?,再也不敢說出實(shí)情。 二、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)習(xí)慣的差異,意譯 1) She is a girl in a million. 2(世博北京翻譯公司))媽媽對(duì)小明說: “ 下次你再不及格,看我不擰斷你的脖子! ” 10.5 諱飾 諱飾就是用委婉語(yǔ)來取代令人不快的字句,這是英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中共有的現(xiàn)象。 一、譯入語(yǔ)中有字面上對(duì)應(yīng)的委婉語(yǔ),直譯。 例如: 1 ) On the 14 th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep—but forever. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) 聽說他是剛從那里面出來的。 二、譯入語(yǔ)沒有字面上與原文對(duì)應(yīng)的委婉語(yǔ),采取功能上與之對(duì)等的委婉語(yǔ),意譯。 1 ) The doctor was fiercely condemned by some for what he referred to as helping people in dying. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) 他在回家的路上遭遇到不測(cè)。 3 ) May I go to the bathroom? May I use the facilities? I'm going to my private office. ( 3 ) 中西方忌諱的對(duì)象不完全相同,有時(shí)采取不帶諱飾的意譯。 1)He put the dog to sleep. 2(世博北京翻譯公司)) 他先她而去了。 10.6 呼告 呼告指直接呼喚不在身邊的人或物,并與之對(duì)話。這一修辭手段有強(qiáng)烈的抒情效果,英漢兩種語(yǔ)言 都有使用。為了保留原文中的強(qiáng)烈的抒情效果,直譯。例如: 2(世博北京翻譯公司)2(世博北京翻譯公司)
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