TRANSLATION LEARNING 3 、副詞 16. The air outside pressed the side in . 外面的空氣將桶壁壓得凹進(jìn)去了。 17. The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level. 向上的力與向下的力相等,所以氣球就保持在這一高度。 4 、單個(gè)分詞,但仍保持校強(qiáng)的動詞意義。 18. The results obtained must be cheeked . 獲得的結(jié)果必須加以校核 19. The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted. 產(chǎn)生的熱量等于浪費(fèi)了的電能。 5 、定語從句 2(世博北京翻譯公司)0. During construction, problems often arise which require design changes. 在施工過程中,常會出現(xiàn)需要改變設(shè)計(jì)的問題。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)1. The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them. 分子相互間都存在著力的作用,該力的大小取決于它們之間的距離。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)2(世博北京翻譯公司). Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention. ( 定語從句 to which we pay little attention 修飾的是 changes, 這是一種分隔定語從句。 ) 我們幾乎沒有注意的很奇異的物質(zhì)變化每天都在眼前發(fā)生。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)3. To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 2(世博北京翻譯公司)35, in which all the atoms are available for fission. 制造原子彈,我們必須用鈾 2(世博北京翻譯公司)35 ,因?yàn)檩S的所有原子都會裂變。 (五)常用句型 科技文章中經(jīng)常使用若干特定的句型,從而形成科技文體區(qū)別于其他文體的標(biāo)志。例如 It---that--結(jié)構(gòu)句型;被動態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)句型;結(jié)構(gòu)句型,分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)句型,省略句結(jié)構(gòu)句型等。 舉例如下: 2(世博北京翻譯公司)4. It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one. 顯然,潤滑好的軸承,比不潤滑的軸承容易轉(zhuǎn)動。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)5. It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 看來這兩個(gè)科學(xué)分支是相互依存,相互作用的。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)6. It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it. 已經(jīng)證明,感應(yīng)電壓使電流的方向與產(chǎn)生電流的磁場力方向相反。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)7. It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. 直到十九世紀(jì)人們才認(rèn)識到熱是能量的一種形式。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)8. Computers may be classified as analog and digital. 計(jì)算機(jī)可分為模擬計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)兩種。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)9. The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times. 新型晶體管的開關(guān)時(shí)間縮短了三分之二。 (或 --- 縮短為三分之一。 ) 30. This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here . 人們認(rèn)為這種合金鋼是這里能提供的最好的合金鋼。 31. Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light. 電磁波傳送的速度和光速相同。 32(世博北京翻譯公司). Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5. 如圖 5 所示,微型計(jì)算機(jī)體積很小。 33. In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air. 聲音在水中的傳播速度幾乎是在空氣中傳播速度的五倍。 34. Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy. 氧與氫比較,重量大約是它的十六倍。 35. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low. 33
TRANSLATION LEARNING 由于電阻很大,電路中通過的電流就小。 36. Ice keeps the same temperature while melting. 冰在溶化時(shí),其溫度保持不變。 37. An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia. 物體一旦運(yùn)動,就會因慣性而持續(xù)運(yùn)動。 38. All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid ,are made of atoms . 一切物質(zhì),不論是氣態(tài)、液態(tài),還是固態(tài),都由原子組成。 (六)長句 為了表述一個(gè)復(fù)雜概念,使之邏輯嚴(yán)密,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,科技文章中往往出現(xiàn)許多長句。有的長句多達(dá) 七八個(gè)詞,以下即是一例。 The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations, and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis. 為了解釋光學(xué)現(xiàn)象,人們曾試圖假定有一種具有與彈性固體相同的物理性質(zhì)的介質(zhì)。這種子嘗試的 結(jié)果,最初曾使人們了解到一種能傳輸橫向振動的具有上述假定所以認(rèn)為的那種物理性質(zhì)的發(fā)光介 質(zhì)。 (七)復(fù)合詞與縮略詞 大量使用復(fù)合詞與縮略詞是科技文章的特點(diǎn)之一,復(fù)合詞從過去的雙詞組合發(fā)展到多詞組合;縮略 詞趨向于任意構(gòu)詞,例如某一篇論文的作者可以就僅在該文中使用的術(shù)語組成縮略詞,這給翻譯工 作帶來一定的困難。例如: full-enclosed 全封閉的(雙詞合成形容詞) feed-back 反饋(雙詞合成名詞) work-harden 加工硬化(雙詞合成詞) criss-cross 交叉著(雙詞合成副詞) on-and-off-the-road 路面越野兩用的(多詞合成形容詞) anti-armoured-fighting-vehicle-missile 反裝甲車導(dǎo)彈(多詞合成名詞) radiophotography 無線電傳真(無連字符復(fù)合詞) colorimeter 色度計(jì)(無連字符復(fù)合詞) maths (mathematics) 數(shù)學(xué)(裁減式縮略詞) lab (laboratory) 實(shí)驗(yàn)室 ft (foot/feet) 英尺 cpd (compound) 化合物 FM(frequency modulation) 調(diào)頻(用首字母組成的縮略詞) P.S.I. (pounds per square inch) 磅 / 英寸 SCR(silicon controlled rectifier ) 可控硅整流器 TELESAT(telecommunications satellite ) 通信衛(wèi)星(混成法構(gòu)成的縮略詞) 根據(jù)上述的科技文章的物占,在翻譯過程中就要注意各種不同的翻譯技巧與方法。例如被動態(tài)的譯 法、長句的處理方法、倍數(shù)的譯法等等。 14.2(世博北京翻譯公司) 科技翻譯中的邏輯判斷 34
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